Road East, vast horizons and militarized borders. Old asleep on the cart to slow gait, dreaming in a language forbidden. Up there in the clouds and hawks, the columns of Pêşmerge, warriors "standing in front of death," their way through the undergrowth of mountain running, singing, thinking about house in the remote village, to eat the meat of veal that evening, weapons hidden in an underground cavern. The border police were used to guard the division of Kurdistan do not know who has more than a thousand years, performing only orders angrily smoking smuggled cigarettes, praying that they do not stick, at least not while they are there. Because the Kurds do not bend: can you beat them indefinitely, raising your head. There are those who fought, those who work through legal channels to something resembling independence, those who live simply, those who forget, as time separates them and change them, as they are scattered in four states and around the world. Destined to bilingualism Kurds, their language and that of the country that they have incorporated, in the grip of citizenship and belonging. Iran suspected of separatist sympathies to them hangs a noose, the Kurds in Syria is not even granted an identity card, in Turkey want to eradicate from the head. Only you can say in northern Kurdistan and be received with a smile, a hug. In the Federal Government of Iraq since 2005 there is the autonomous region of Kurdistan, with its parliament, its schools, its army. Since the legendary hero Mustafa Barzani, leader of the revolt began to be recognized as independent and culture as a political entity, rivers of blood continued to flow. But today, from Erbil to Suleymaniye, The official language is Kurdish.
Once I spent a whole night sitting in a friend's house in Diyarbakir listening to an old man who sang the dengbêj , sung story that for centuries has been the form of transmission stories between the generations of Kurds. After remaining absorbed in the mellow vocals and harsh for hours, the elderly and children around were exhausted, his face dreamily. The women brought the food in large round plates of iron, while sipping tea and I asked my friend what that story meant, what he spoke. Together with bitter and ironic expression told me that he did not know, only understood a few words of Kurdish, I do not ever speak in his daily life. The old man who was his grandfather had sung.
In his report to the command of sull'assedio Antep, the French Colonel Brigadier Marcel Abadie wrote in 1921: "The population is made up of Turkish Antep (large majority) of Kurds, Armenians, Circassians and the Kurds ... some Jews may be regarded as a breed, their types differ considerably from the type and Mongolian turkish, live above their villages in the plains, except for some semi-nomadic groups who practice transhumance ... Overall, the Kurds are a highly brutal race of warriors, looters on occasion, extremely robust and very well armed by the spoils of raids to the Russians. They dream of creating a large Kurdish state encompassing all countries in the west, east and south of the Euphrates, but should point out that most of the Kurdish tribes have made common cause with the Kemalist in the fight against the French. " Following the First World War and the signing of the Treaty of Sevres, the remnants of the Ottoman Empire had been divided by European powers in their respective areas of influence. In 1920, the British occupied the north of Iraq, the French were quartered in the south-east Anatolia and Syria, to the Italians ENTITLED areas of Adana and Konya. To the west, on the shores of the Mediterranean, Izmir had fallen under the blows of the Greeks who advanced with a compelling series of victories on the field, I decided to annex parts of Thrace and Anatolia. Constantinople and the Sultan remained motionless under the control of occupation forces. The West was playing dice shots and shells of the members still live in the "Sublime Porte." From its headquarters established in Ankara, the war veteran Mustafa Kemal Paşa prepared to fight the invaders nurturing the dream of a homeland in Turkey. The Kemalist, which he took the name and almost all came from the armed forces as he ammutinatesi the Sultan, had been sent on his orders in the occupied territories to organize exercise endurance and prepare to do battle. The skilful policy of Kemal was able to inspire in the minds of the population exhausted by war and occupation by a feeling of revenge for national identity, managing to secure consensus for former subjects in search of identity. At the same time, he had strategically acknowledged the Kurdish nationalists in the new Constitution of Ankara, in order to secure the support of the Kurdish tribes of the east. Turks and Kurds have fought together, and together they ruled the nascent country. Once established the new state, the Kurds would be guaranteed the administrative autonomy of their territories, these were the terms. In September 1922 almost all of Turkey had been freed. In early 1923 the Turkish Republic was formally proclaimed and Mustafa Kemal became its first president. Once established, the internal sovereignty and legitimacy have reached the international level, policy towards the Kurds Kemal changed. In the elections for the new National Assembly no Kurdish MP was admitted to the House. In 1924 the first decree was issued forbidding the use of Kurdish language in public schools and for each publication, the turkish was imposed as the sole official language. All the promises made to the Kurdish people in time of war were betrayed. In the dust of Antep, Kurds and Turkish soldiers had fought side by side, but while the corpses of rotting dead still on the battlefield, were divided: one made heroes, the other forgotten. The city had a special mention for bravery, was added to the code of Gazi, a veteran, the name Antep Turkish nationalist ideology made him one of its strongholds. "There are people in the presence of any truth which sounds like a lie" Vasily Grossman wrote in Stalin's Russia. Want to talk about the Kurds in Turkey, their stories have no place in the chronicles official burns the ears of middle-class liberals like to illiterate peasants who have sent their children to the front. The conversation stops, the answers are sharpened between the teeth and become resentful, the reason clouds are polluted from the tentacles of declarations of principle, to memorize: "The Kurds are not there, you can only find those on Turkish mountains," "They killed so many to join his country, as many more will die to defend its unity." Looking at it closely, the border of Kurdistan is a wound which secretes a surge dense and dark, sticky. If you want to hear the voices you need to go and rip the silence.
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